How will the global communication revolution impact on the development Essay

How will the global communication revolution impact on the development of fashion and fashion-related businesses in the future - Essay Example There are two especially widely used models of the communication revolution implications. The first is termed the "Golden Straightjacket," which has been popularized by Thomas Friedman, in which economic development is regarded as a primary driver to socio-political change. This is different from a parallel vision, popularized by Samuel Huntington, where as an outcome of culture, the "clash of civilizations", rather than economic development, is the primary driver to alter. "Rejecting both concepts as being somewhat too static, a third possibility exits in which economic unrest can take cultural forms, and that an over-emphasis on Western consumerism with hostility towards Westernized elites, can exacerbate even further the cultural dimensions of this conflict" (McChesney 2001) In looking at the convergence of cultural and economic stimuli to unrest, outgrowths of the communication revolution is regarded. In the globalization of information there are the following phenomena in play: In an attempt to explore further the intertwining of cultural and economic forces as part of the communication revolution, we can turn our attention to the "globalization of style." Here we may talk about a wide variety of entertainment products, brand and fashion names, and so forth. For example the globalization of style tends to be largely an American inspired phenomenon making the U.S. a particularly salient object of political resentment and dissent. Such products as Coca Cola, Dell, Baywatch, Google, Tommy Hilfiger and other commodities tend to be American in content and character, and the single largest national purveyor of the mentioned globalization of style is in most cases the United States, which may be challenged because of this reason. The extent to which English language literacy is synonymous with the globalization of information can be identified. That is the case not only in terms of hardware acquisition, installation or repair, but also in the world of software applications. The dominance of the English language in the global communication revolution is accompanied by what is termed the bombardment of Western images. The prevalence of Western images is tempting and frustrating at the same time, as it creates unattainable desires. Additionally the global information revolution has increased social stratification in which those most likely to participate most actively tend to have fluency in the English language, foreign bonds, and high degree of education. Thus, the communication revolution is a phenomenon that is often restricted to the business or political elite. Most people consider that only a limited group can afford to

Stolen Generation Essay Example for Free

Stolen Generation Essay The forced removal of Aboriginal and Torres Islander children was forcefully taken away from their families between the 1890’s and the 1969. The children were given to churches, missionary institutes and some children were given to white families. Most of the children never saw their families again; more than 100,000 children were removed from their families They removed children without parental consent and without a court order. They wanted these children to be brought up as a part of white families and forget their Aboriginal culture, if however, children spoke their own language; they were abused by their white family because they wanted to breed out and eliminate the Aboriginal race from their land. They were considered to be low class inferior people. In the removal the government, churches, and welfares were in charge to remove especially the half-cast children, and they thought that they were doing the right thing and justified their action by saying that they are providing these children with a better life. Girls were sent to be trained as house maids, farm hands and labourers. Boys were sent to be trained as Farm workers or as a labourer. They were not allowed to speak their language or any ritual practice. When children were taken from their mothers, they felt helpless and could not do anything about it. While they were growing up they had a lack of Self-esteem, insecurity and felt that they were are worthless. They had depression problems, many committed suicide. Many of the children lost their own language and culture. Some of the children, when they finally met their parents, it was almost impossible to communicate and there was big cultural gap. When they were in a missionary, they had the anxiety of separation of their families and siblings and thought that they would never see their family ever again as a result this made them feel even more lonely. They were deprived of their loved ones and their affections. Some of the children were sexually and physically abused. Many of them suffered deep psychological harm, depression and some of them committed suicide, once the stolen generation children reach the age of 18 year, they were left to live with an English family and no one cared how you were treated because they were your owners.

The Deal :: Personal Narrative Writing

The Deal We had a deal, Ada and me. We decided that, since neither of us expected to live forever or get out of this existence alive, which ever one didn't die first would spend the funeral of the one who made it out first telling bad jokes. This wasn't going to win either of us any friends among the family or gathered mourners but we didn't care. In our rather humble opinions people took death far, far too seriously anyway. As I told Ada many times, â€Å"having been dead once, the whole experience is highly overrated.† And she agreed, having been dead once before herself. There were no bright lights, no family waiting, nothing to make the entire experience one worth revisiting, but as death was as inevitable as taxes, we both realized that the next time would probably be the time we got our exit visas from this cycle of reality stamped, and soundly. Now, I feel I need to explain a couple of things before we go much further. Ada is, rather was, my grandmother. A â€Å"southern lady† of the old school, she could achieve more with a raised eyebrow than a raised voice. No one in the family wanted to see that look of disappointment on her lovely little face so we all strove to make life as easy on her as possible. Her husband, my late grandfather, had been saddled by his parents with the name William Homer. He had once been a star athlete in high school and had won awards in every single sport offered in their little hometown. Baseball, football, basketball, you name it, he played it, he mastered it, he made it his own. And it didn't get any better when he became an adult. Just more intense. Homer had boxes of trophies in closets all over their house, racks of them displayed prominently by the most current achievements and their position of honor was ranked by the difficulty of the task. Any flat surface that would hold some shiny bit of bric-a-brac that had his name on it and some amazing feet of athletic achievement he had conquered was coated in a heavy furniture wax and summarily crowded in with the little men holding golf clubs, bowling balls, olive laurels or just simply their own hands over their heads. The Deal :: Personal Narrative Writing The Deal We had a deal, Ada and me. We decided that, since neither of us expected to live forever or get out of this existence alive, which ever one didn't die first would spend the funeral of the one who made it out first telling bad jokes. This wasn't going to win either of us any friends among the family or gathered mourners but we didn't care. In our rather humble opinions people took death far, far too seriously anyway. As I told Ada many times, â€Å"having been dead once, the whole experience is highly overrated.† And she agreed, having been dead once before herself. There were no bright lights, no family waiting, nothing to make the entire experience one worth revisiting, but as death was as inevitable as taxes, we both realized that the next time would probably be the time we got our exit visas from this cycle of reality stamped, and soundly. Now, I feel I need to explain a couple of things before we go much further. Ada is, rather was, my grandmother. A â€Å"southern lady† of the old school, she could achieve more with a raised eyebrow than a raised voice. No one in the family wanted to see that look of disappointment on her lovely little face so we all strove to make life as easy on her as possible. Her husband, my late grandfather, had been saddled by his parents with the name William Homer. He had once been a star athlete in high school and had won awards in every single sport offered in their little hometown. Baseball, football, basketball, you name it, he played it, he mastered it, he made it his own. And it didn't get any better when he became an adult. Just more intense. Homer had boxes of trophies in closets all over their house, racks of them displayed prominently by the most current achievements and their position of honor was ranked by the difficulty of the task. Any flat surface that would hold some shiny bit of bric-a-brac that had his name on it and some amazing feet of athletic achievement he had conquered was coated in a heavy furniture wax and summarily crowded in with the little men holding golf clubs, bowling balls, olive laurels or just simply their own hands over their heads.

Counter Culture Essay

Introduction From a moral standpoint, social problems harm people and from a democratic standpoint, social problems harm the well-being of citizens. In addition to that, from a societal standpoint, social problems threaten the productive functioning of society. A social problem is said to exist to the extent that some â€Å"malfunction† is observed in society. This malfunction might be an inequality (e.g:with the same education and experience women earn only about 80% of what men earn in the labor force), a poor allocation of resources (e.g: poor environmental stewardship), violence (e.g: domestic violence, rape, violent crime), or an inefficient organizational system (e.g: too much or too little being spent on social services). The social evils that are plaguing our society today could hardly be catalogued, they are uncountable in the true sense of the assertion. Among the prominent social problems are the escalating crime waves , religious intolerance , disrespect for elders , laziness and lateness of duty , widespread of diseases , ostentatious spending, abortion, pre marital pregnancy, elope (run off secretly to be married and usually without the consent or knowledge of one’s parent), disciplinary problem, psychological pr oblem, slow down development of the country, and alcohol consumption . These are the effects of our social problem among Malaysian youth. Sociologists can identify many aspects of society that might be considered to be social problems. It is the values held by the majority of citizens (in a democracy) that define what is a social problem (e.g:Is denial of same-sex marriages a problem?). Social problems are identified as such partly with respect to their perceived effect on the productive functioning of society. Social problems can be difficult to identify (e.g:What is the scientific evidence that same-sex marriages or the prohibition of them will harm society?). Sociologists use the consensus, conflict, and interactionist perspectives to examine these conditions of potential social problems. Risk Factors for Social Problems Risk factor is defined as a factor which increases the chances of social  problems beyond control. There are different risk factors for social problems among youth such as biological, psychological and social. Social risk factors include unemployment, disturbed family environment, unavailability of educational opportunities, availability of drugs in locality, law and order situation. Environmental/social risk factors are increasing the chances of using drugs among youth. A youngster who is disturbed because of his family environment will spend time out side of his home, sitting with friends who can offer him drugs. Handling peer pressure will be difficult for him, as a result, he will be ready to use drug. A youngster deprived of educational opportunities and economic resources may be at great risk of using drugs. His disappointment from social problems will produce images of drugs in his mind as the suitable source of getting rid of his problems. Easy availability of drugs/substance in his locality will further serve to increase his craving for drugs. Also the principal and behavioural factors linked with youth violence are hypersensitivity, impulsiveness, poor behavioural control, attention problems, history of early aggressive behaviour and low educational achievement. Associating with delinquent peers has also been linked to violence in young people. Gangs and a local supply of guns and drugs are a potent mixture, increasing the likelihood of youth violence. Low level of social cohesion within community has been linked to higher rates social problems. Cultures that do not provide non-violent alternatives for resolving conflicts appear to have higher rates of social problems too. For most young people, the offending behaviour is part of growing up, of testing the limits, of taking risks, of asserting their independence. It may also be an indication of boredom and the absence of anything useful or meaningful to do. It may be a reflection of that awkward stage of life where one feels grown up but not able to participate fully in the world of adults. Generally, the offenses that they commit are relatively minor and decrease in frequency as they grow older, mature and find a way to participate in and contribute to society. Ways to overcome social problems The role of parents is crucial in giving serious attention to their children. Parents must consider the movements of their children. Parents should always know and identify the problems faced by their children and are willing to take the time to solve the problem. Parents also should know their child’s friends and always make sure their children make friends and socialize with those who have well in morally. In addition parents must spend part of daily time with children by giving them confidence, courage, creating positive attitudes towards issues, emotions and decisions. Another common set of prevention strategies addressing youth violence focuses on early intervention with children and families. Such programmes provide parents with information about child development and teach them how to effectively discipline, monitor and supervise children, as well as how to manage family conflict and improve communication. Parent and family -based interventions are among the most promis ing strategies for producing long-term reductions in youth violence. 2. Academic approach. This can be done by adding activities based on academic and semi-academics activities such as extra-curricular in schools. Similarly, the changes in teaching techniques such as use of computer, video, audio-visual aid equipment and techniques of teaching outside the classroom should be implemented. 3. Establishing legal system in the school. Provisions in the law school could create fear among students, in addition to reducing the burden and responsibility of the school and the parents in monitoring discipline. 4. Law enforcement authorities like the police. Jurisdiction of the existing police should be used by school administrators in the discipline of students. The administrator shall take the opportunity to refer their student’s problems to police. 5. Preventive measures should be held as appropriate counselling at school level. Counselling at school level is important in helping teenagers overcome their problems. This program will be more meaningful i f the counsellors are qualified and experienced elected. 6. Parents and Teachers Association (PTA) should play an important role more frequent meetings between parents, guardians and teachers should be held  especially for students that influenced in social problems. Parents should discuss student’s problem with teacher and get ready to receive and advice from a teacher with an open and positive attitude. If one considers that ultimately we are concerned with the healthy development of adolescents in transition to adulthood, we must be concerned with the issues that impede or impact on such transitions. Transition to adulthood includes simultaneous transitions across several domains including post-secondary education or other work preparation training, labour force participation (or unemployment) independent living, marriage or cohabitation, and community living. Transition success is affected by many factors including personal characteristics, gender, family influences, exposure to role models, economic status, cultural influence s, and the economic viability of the community in which the person functions. We also be mindful of the fact that adolescence occurs in a context with such factors as race, ethnicity, cultural customs, language, social views and practices, sexual orientation and physical or learning disabilities all combining to make the transition experiences of some adolescents very different from others. While there has been a fair amount of work done on identifying risk factors that, if present, may increase the likelihood of a young person’s involvement in crime or other negative behaviour problems, there has also been some work done on the development of programs that build on the enhancement of protective factors which may reduce the effects of exposure to risk factors and thus lower the chances a youth will develop serious anti-social or other behaviour problems or become a victim.. Protective factors may also divide into: (1) Individual characteristics (i.e. high IQ, high level of resilience and flexibility and a positive social attitude); (2) Social bonds ( notably warm, supportive and affective   relationships with parents and other adults); and (3) Social support including positive social skills and socially acceptable pattern of behavioural norms. Possession of problem-solving, Life and communication skills. Sociability, Resilient personality or temperament A sense of belonging, secure attachments to positive parent(s) or family Positive relations with â€Å"pro social† peers Access to other caring supportive adults Appropriate discipline Limit-setting and structure from parents, Opportunities to experience success and build self esteem In the context of transitions from adolescence to healthy adulthood, it is important to consider the notion of â€Å"resilience† as a young person’s ability to cope in the presence of major stress or risk factors. They go on to suggest that resilience is a source of strength in young people created or nurtured by caring and effective parents or other adult caregivers, positive learning environments in schools and access to community resources. What is the value of having an assessment to identify potential risks and needs of young offenders? By objectively identifying young persons who pose a higher risk of re-offending and the program interventions that are needed Assessments allow for a potentially more efficient and effective use of resources More objective and consistent decision making Establishing a baseline for monitoring a young offender’s progress Periodic reassessment of rehabilitative effectiveness Appropriate targeting of program intervention to address the social problems factors associated with offending (risk-needs assessment) such as: Use of appropriate modes of intervention based on social learning principles A multiplicity of available interventions to address differing individual needs Consistent application of interventions to ensure program integrity Quality assurance of program design and delivery including training and recruiting appropriate staff Strong theoretical base or mission for the program We should be careful not to suggest that a program has not been successful if a young person re-offends. While rehabilitative programs are designed with a goal of reducing recidivism, it is essential that other forms of program success are included in the mix and not totally rely on measures of recidivism to determine success. We can reduce occasional or temporary  offending by young people by helping them deal with the stress associated with the turbulence of adolescence and finding ways of involving young people in useful and meaningful activities. Educational and recreational activities to which all have equal access and which are designed on the basis of the varied needs and interests of young people are important. Access to social services can help some young people and their families deal with problems which may underlie the offending behaviour. Given what we know about the correlation between poverty, mental health and opportunities, the economic security of young people and their families should also be a priority. These measures are all primary prevention strategies – ways of creating healthier and ultimately safer communities. Conclusion Though social problems are recurrent issues in many societies all over the world, they can be predetermined and controlled by use of social studies. When we think of the many settings that have evolved over time, it becomes apparent that there can never be a permanent solution to these social problems. Governments in affected regions try to curb socially unacceptable behaviour by regulating wealth and economy for citizens, thereby ensuring that money distribution is constant and fluent enough to avoid situations where some feel exploited. More measures can be taken to avoid socially unacceptable behaviour like crime and drug use, thereby maintaining law and order in society. Society is the place where young generations are brought up and nurtured for future. If social problems are left to come up and establish themselves, the upcoming generations would grow up to become savage and barbaric citizen, destroying civilization that was once prosperous.

Disney: The Decision

Eisner and some of the executives were very interested in expanding and building a new theme park. When they were attending a meeting in Virginia, they were impressed by the post war restoration. The idea of building a theme park with American history as the main idea came to Eisner at that time. The idea became a plan and soon the executives of Disney found suitable land that was affordable with all amenities. An international airport was nearby; the land would not create any environmental issues. It was also near an interstate highway. The politicians of the state were also for development and growth.The land identified with all these benefits was in Prince William County in the heart of Virginia’s Piedmont region. What Eisner may not have known at that time was that the Piedmont region was home to some of Americas most influential and wealthy people. The region had also fought off several developmental projects from that area. Once the announcement was made by Disney about the building of the theme park, opposition started rising from most of the wealthiest people from the region. There was also opposition from various organizations like The Piedmont Environmental Council.Why Disney America was never built The various organizations started mounting negative publicity against Disney. Disney being an image conscious company was put in a dilemma. Eisner was of the view that the project had to go on. He was also supported by the Virginia’s Governor George Allen. In spite of various campaigns by Eisner, the opposition kept mounting against the project with historians and journalists joining the bandwagon against Disney. All the opposition finally caught up with Eisner who decided that continuing with the project was not worth it.The decision was made because Eisner knew that if the park was opened in spite of the opposition, after it was opened, it could lead to further trouble, especially from the historians. The need for focusing on the other proj ects and the risk to Disney’s reputation were the most important aspects that made Eisner decide not to go ahead with the project. Eisner decided that deciding not to go ahead with the project was the best option under the circumstances. If he had continued with the project, there could have been opposition from Historians who were already campaigning against the project.If Disney had to concentrate all its efforts on the Disney America project then there was a risk of losing focus on its other business concerns. There was also the risk of losing the reputation of Disney that had been built for years. These were the main reasons for ending the project, but the other reasons were because of the problems in the management of Disney where one key executive had died and another had resigned. There were also rumors that there was a leadership crisis in Disney. All these reasons made Eisner deciding against continuing the project.The best choice under the circumstances This was als o the best choice that Eisner had. The project seems to have become a personal ambition for him. He had made remarks in a press release that would not have benefited the company. He also took it upon himself to go ahead with the project. This led to irrational thinking. Monitoring various projects would have actually become difficult if the company had so many hurdles in just a single project. The situation for the Disney company at that time was not good with the EuroDisney making a huge loss and the number of visitors dropping.Fighting a legal battle with the opponents of the park in Piedmont would have drained the resources of the company financially. There is evidence to suggest that Historians would have found fault with the many historical scenes depicted in the theme park, if it had been built. The Piedmont community and the environmentalists were also preparing for a legal battle with monetary contributions pouring in. This would have led to a long legal battle if the park h ad been built. So it was best in the interests of the company that Eisner decided not to go ahead with the building of the Disney America theme park.

The Enviromental Impact of the Gulf War essays

The Enviromental Impact of the Gulf War essays Environmental Impacts of the Gulf War Our countries recent endeavor into Iraq has shown that it has learned and will try to control the destruction that has devastated Iraqs natural habitat. In the first Gulf War our world became aware of the true impact that armed conflicts can have on the environment. Even though earlier instances in history surely had an equal or greater negative impact on our environment this was the first that was not obscured by the conflict itself. The first Gulf War was an international disaster to the environment with the extinction of two species and the toxic pollution of natural habitats and wildlife resulting from the 650 oil wells that were left ablaze, 76 that were pouring out crude oil, and another 99 that were damaged. Along with oil pervading the soil of the Iraq inland, the coast was not left undamaged but was stricken with the largest marine oil spills in history with a total of 6-8 million barrels of crude oil that poured into the Arabian Gulf severely polluting 560 kilometers of coastline. Inter tidal ecosystems were completely destroyed and oil slicks covered the shores. Over 30,000 wintering seabirds were killed which included the globally threatened Socotra Cormorant whose numbers continue to dwindle. Before the near-total destruction of the Mesopotamian Marshlands due to the oil spills between 1991 and 2001, the marshlands formed one of the most extensive wetland ecosystems in Eurasia. The Marshlands extended for over 15,000 square kilometers and included freshwater lakes, marshes, and floodplains, now after the war the remains of the marshland is down to 50 square kilometers. The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) reported that the destruction of the marshlands had a significant negative impact on both wildlife and the human population surrounding the area. . A spokesman from the UNEP stated. With significant implications to global biodiversity from Sib...

Market Strategy

Market Strategy Abstract This article explains the market strategy of Persil laundry detergent Company which was developed from close consideration of the current customer needs and the market environment. Market segmentation is strategy that has been used and segments Persil laundry detergent Company differentiates itself from the other competing companies such as Aerial and Omo detergents.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Market Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the ways that it uses to differentiate itself is by coming up with new products which are packed in new looking packets that communicate a lot of information and are acceptable by the segmented customer market. The new products provide the customers with extra services at compared to the other detergents hence giving us the advantage over the other companies. Introduction Market segmentation is a concept found in both marketing and economics and it involves dividing the market into smaller segments of individual groups which have similar wants and needs. There are two major categories of segmentation i.e. industrial market segmentation and consumer based segmentation. In this article we will mainly focus on consumer-based segmentation since the sales of the product we are marketing (Persil laundry detergent) can be significantly increased if we applied this approach. The main aim of consumer-based segmentation is to divide the customers according to their specific needs and wants and to make it easier for the marketers to target them, convince and retain them. Market segmentation The consumers (markets) can be categorized into three main segments i.e. behavioral segmentation, Psychographic segmentation and lastly geodemographic segmentation. Geodemographic can be split into two segments (geographic and demographic segmentation) but considering them together as one segment helps marketers get more accurate results in that geodemographic considers the needs of the consumer population together with the geographical areas that they cover. In a nut shell geodemographic kills two birds with one stone. In the case of marketing Persil laundry detergent geodemographical segmentation would be involve area covered by the customers (i.e. the whole country), class, religion, education and age of the target customers of which the main in our case is the middle aged females and the bachelors since they are the ones who mainly shop for the laundry detergents (Christian, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Psychographics segmentation applies the principles of psychology and demographics with the aim of understanding consumers. It segmentation therefore divides consumers according to their personality, lifestyles and values. We can generally say that our target customers usually have a lot of chores to attend to and they would greatly value a detergent that saves them some few minutes by removing the dirt together with the stubborn stains from their laundry immediately it comes into contact with the clothes i.e. in a single wash. Mentioning this to the customers on advertisements and printing it on the detergent packets would help a lot in achieving this (Hawkins and David, 2009). Behavioral segmentation groups the customer market according to the customers attitude towards certain products, their knowledge about it and lastly their responses towards it. This clearly shows that the marketers must obtain accurate information concerning the above three from their customers and by so doing they are able to retain the customers for as long as possible. Value proposition, differentiation and positioning Value proposition is a statement that businesses and marketers use to convince potential customers to buy their products instead of those of their competitors it summarizes the additional bene fits that the customers will gain from their product. This is achieved by how a business differentiates itself from its competitors and positions itself at a distinct position with an advantage over its competitors (Robertwinton, 2007). Differentiation on the other hand is simply the act of developing a set of differences that clearly distinguish what a company offers from what its competitors are offering. Each difference that a company develops comes with a cost of implementing it but also there is an overall benefit from what it communicates to the consumers. Therefore, the benefits of the differences must be more than the cost for them to be profitable to a business. The decisions that are made during differentiation are what positions a business in the market in other words differentiation leads to the positioning of a business either at an advantaged position or a disadvantaged one. According to Phillip Kotler (2009), â€Å"Positioning is the act of designing the companys off ering and identity (that will create a planned image) so that they occupy a meaningful and distinct competitive position in the target customers minds. The end result of positioning is the creation of a market-focused value proposition, a simple clear statement of why the target market should buy the product†.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Market Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The relationship between the three concepts (value proposition, differentiation and positioning) is now clear i.e. differentiation leads to positioning and positioning results in creation of a value proposition which convinces customers to by one product and not the other (Littler, 1995, p 34). The value proposition of Persil laundry detergent is in a simple statement,†Wash out the dirt not the colors†. A lot of customers are usually discouraged y how most of the detergents end up washing away the original color of their clothes leaving them faded. Also on the packet of Persil laundry detergent is some simple instructions on how to use it and it clearly shows that Persil laundry detergent does all the work of removing all the dirt in a single wash. The two main competitors of Persil laundry detergent are Aerial and Omo detergents. The two companies are still young but they are growing at a very high rate that seems threatening to Persil laundry detergent which has been the major detergent in the market for decades. Aerial’s value proposition is also in for of a simple statement that states that ‘Aerial is your cheapest laundry solution’. This is one of thing that puts the other two companies at an advantaged position since customers perceive Aerial as only economical but not the best. Omo detergents also have a value proposition which is a bit better than that of Aerial and it states that ‘Omo multi active detergent removes all stubborn stains’. This kind of assures the customers that Omo detergents will give them the best results by simply removing all the stubborn stains from their laundry. What they miss to quote is that the original color of the clothes will still remain unharmed hence leaving us a t an advantaged position i.e. the customer is assured that Persil laundry detergent will remove all the dirt, including the stubborn stains, on their but leave them as they were before. As you know, the whole world is trying to develop green technologies that are environmental friendly. This is as a result of the increased environmental degradation which has in the long run affects the health of us humans by causing some diseases that claim a lot of lives in the societies. This has also drawn the attention of Persil laundry Detergents Company and as result; we have come up with a herbal version of Persil laundry detergent. The new Herbal detergent performs even better than the previous one due to the fact that it contains some natural co mponents extracted from natural herbs and they are environmental friendly since they are biodegradable.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This idea convinces customers to buy our product because they will receive the better service from our product and they will be actively participating in environmental conservation. This put us in an advantages position from our competitors who are still producing the old chemical detergent which in some way is not environmental friendly. Our new positioning statement will be ‘Go green and wash out the dirt not the colors’. This will also displayed in the new look of our packets which will contain a green color with some of sample drawings of the herbs that are used in manufacturing the detergent. Conclusion There are numerous benefits of a well-planned market strategy among them being the development and definition of the goals of a business and the possible ways of achieving them. One thing that allows businesses to continue thriving is the achievement of the goals that were put in place and for this to be attained the business must be able to acquire and retain custo mers. This can only be done through marketing and sales since they are the only business functions that directly deals with the customers in all forms of businesses. References Christian, G. (2008). The Marketing Strategy Continuum: Towards a Marketing Concept for the 1990s. New York: MCB UP Ltd. Hawkins, D. and David, L. (2009). Consumer Behavior: Building Marketing Strategy. UK: McGraw-Hill College. Kotler, P. (2009) Marketing Strategy Differentiating and Positioning the Market Offering. Web. Littler, D. (1995). Marketing strategy. Oxford: Butterworth. Robertwinton. (2007). Develop A Product Marketing Strategy. Web.

How to Get Into Yale 4 Expert Admissions Tips

How to Get Into Yale 4 Expert Admissions Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Yale is one of the most competitive schools on the planet to get into. If you’re wondering how to make your application stand out from the crowd, you’re in the right place. In this article, we’ll go over everything you need to know about how to get into Yale, including how hard it really is to get into Yale, what Yale is looking for in its students, what test scores and grades you need, and how to ace your Yale application essays. How Hard Is It to Get Into Yale? Yale is extremely selective - it accepts less than 7% of applicants every year. That means that only seven out of every 100 students get into Yale. In order to be competitive as an applicant, you’ll need to have near perfect grades, excellent test scores, and standout essays. What Is Yale Looking for in Its Students? Yale wrote an entire essay on what it looks for in its students. While the post doesn’t go into many specifics, it does offer some helpful nuggets of wisdom about what the admissions committee considers when evaluating applications: Academic ability: Yale wants its students to be top-of-the-line academically. Yale puts a lot of weight into your high school transcript, so you’ll need to achieve great grades consistently. Your high school teachers will also speak to your academic ability - your letters of recommendation should show that you’re hardworking and academically curious. Who you are outside of school: You’re required to write many different essays for Yale. Use your essays as an opportunity to paint a vivid portrait of yourself, one that goes beyond your academic performance. Highlight your interests and make yourself seem like a real person, not just a collection of numbers. What you’ll do with Yale’s resources: Yale wants students who will take advantage of its many resources. Your application should demonstrate that you’re ready to take on challenges and that you take grab opportunities when you see them. Yale isn’t looking for complacency - it’s looking for students who will take advantage of every moment on their campus. Amazing recommendations: While your transcripts give quantitative information about your academic ability, your recommendations give qualitative insight. Yale will rely on your teachers’ letters to really highlight who you are as a student. Teachers often write about things that a simple â€Å"A† on a line can’t convey - like your wit or sense of humor when responding to different challenges. Can You Apply to Yale Early? Yale offers both regular application and early action deadlines. The early action deadline is November 1 and you’ll hear about your acceptance on December 15. Yale’s early action program is a single choice early action program, which means that you can only apply to one school (Yale) but your acceptance isn’t binding. Statistically, you do have a slightly higher chance of getting into Yale early action than at the regular decision deadline, but the difference is not that significant. If Yale isn’t your first choice, we wouldn’t recommend applying there early, since you won’t be able to apply early anywhere else. Yale Application Deadlines and Requirements You can apply to Yale using either the Common or Coalition application. You’ll need to take write at least two essays, plus the short answer questions, regardless of which application you apply with. The number of essays you write depends on whether you’re applying with the Common Application or the Coalition Application. You’ll also need to submit three letters of recommendation. Yale requires that you send either SAT or ACT scores, with the writing component. You do not have to have completed any specific coursework in high school in order to apply. Here’s a full list of requirements: EITHER, the Coalition Application with Yale-Specific Questions, OR The Common Application with Yale-Specific Questions, OR The QuestBridge National College Match Application $80 Application Fee or Fee Waiver Two Teacher Recommendations One Counselor Recommendation School Report (including Transcript) Standardized Test Results Mid-Year Report (due when first semester/term senior grades are available at your school) Early action applications are due on November 1, regular admissions on January 1. What GPA Do I Need to Get Into Yale? You need to be at the top of your class, GPA-wise, to be accepted into Yale. The average GPA of admitted applicants to Yale is 4.19. That means you need basically straight A’s in order to even be competitive with other applicants. You’ll need to take AP or IB classes as well, both to boost your GPA and to show that you’re capable of handling college-level coursework with ease. What Test Scores Do I Need to Get Into Yale? It should come as no surprise, but you need extremely high test scores to be considered seriously as a Yale applicant. The average SAT composite score of admitted applicants at Yale is 1540. That breaks down to a 770 on the math section and 770 for the reading/writing score. In other words, you’ll need a basically perfect score to be considered. Yale requires you to send in all of your SAT scores, but the committee is able to look at a student's highest officially reported score on each section of the SAT. If you don’t have a 1540+ on the SAT yet, you need to seriously reconsider taking the test to get as close to that score as possible. Make a plan, commit to studying, and work hard. The average ACT score of admitted applicants at Yale is 33 - slightly less competitive than the average SAT scores. That being said, 33 is still high and if you have lower than a 31 on the ACT, you should consider retaking the exam. Yale Application Essays Yale requires all of its applicants to answer some combination of three specific essay questions. If you’re applying to the engineering school, you’ll have to answer an additional prompt. Let’s take a look at the three prompts. Then, we’ll talk about who needs to answer them. Think about an idea or topic that has been intellectually exciting for you. Why are you drawn to it? Reflect on your engagement with a community to which you belong. How do you feel you have contributed to this community? Yale students, faculty, and alumni engage issues of local, national, and international importance. Discuss an issue that is significant to you and how your college experience might help you address it. If you’re applying with the Common Application, you’ll choose two of those prompts and answer them in 250 words or fewer. If you’re applying with the Coalition Application, you’ll answer one prompt in 300 words or fewer. You’ll also include an audio, video, image, or document file that you have created that is meaningful to you and related in some way to your essay. You’ll write one sentence to show how this relates to your essay. Students applying to Yale’s engineering program must also submit the engineering essay as part of their application. Here’s the Yale engineering essay prompt: If you selected one of the engineering majors, please tell us more about what has led you to an interest in this field of study, what experiences (if any) you have had in engineering, and what it is about Yale’s engineering program that appeals to you. Please respond in 300 words or fewer. All applicants will complete six short answer questions regardless of which application you’re using. The six short answer questions for the Yale essays range in word limit from 35 words to 300 words. These essays are specific to the Yale application - you won’t find them on any other college or university’s application. Although they are short, the Yale supplement essays are just as important as the longer essays. If you want to learn more about how to answer the Yale essays and short answer questions, check out our in-depth article on the subject. Tips for Getting Into Yale It’s hard to get into Yale, but not impossible. You need to put serious work into your application to be considered. Here are some tips you can follow as you’re working on your Yale application. #1: Work Hard at Getting Great Grades You need great grades to be accepted at Yale. If you’re still in your freshman, sophomore, or junior year of high school, plan to take some advanced classes to up your GPA. You’ll need to be disciplined and work hard to compete with the other applicants. #2: Ace Your Standardized Tests You need high standardized test scores in order to be admitted to Yale. You should plan to take the SAT at least three or four times. Remember, you can take the SAT up to six times before the admissions committee starts to wonder why you keep taking the test. If you’re taking the Yale, you should study for and take the test as many times as necessary to meet (or beat) the average ACT score of Yale admitted applicants. #3: Write Standout Essays You have plenty of opportunities to flesh out your personality with your essays. You should put equal weight on all of the short answer questions, even the ones with a 35 word limit. If you're worried that one of your essays isn't strong enough, seek out a second opinion. #4: Secure Awesome Recommendations Yale puts a lot of emphasis on the recommendations you get from teachers - make sure you get good ones! Pick teachers who really know you - ones that you've worked with closely and have seen your best work. You want letters from teachers who can speak to your strengths beyond academic ability. Recap: How to Get Into Yale Getting into Yale is extremely difficult, but it's not impossible! Your application will need to be incredibly polished in order to stand a chance. Make sure your academic record is near perfect, your recommendations stellar, and your essays engaging, and you'll be competitive with the other applicants. What’s Next? Worried about how to write an amazing college essay?Readour step-by-step guide on how to write a college essayand take a look at our analysis of 100+ real college essaysto get a feel for what colleges want- and don't want- to read in an application. If you're getting ready to apply to college,it's time to learn what colleges expect from you. This article will help you better target your application to suit what each school you apply to is looking for. If you're planning to take the SAT or ACT as part of your application, try out some of our famous test prep guides, like"How to Get a Perfect Score on the SAT"and"15 Key ACT Test Day Tips." Want to get into Yale or your personal top choice college? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in.

HW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HW - Essay Example 332). SOX (Sarbanes-Oxley Act) demands the recording of the system used by management in an effort to evaluate its efficiency and announce any errors or weaknesses. This documentation is always subject to auditing requirements that may require constant revision (Natan, p. 333). Lastly, the 1386 regulation California Senate Bill mandates the proper requirements and abilities to be aware of any access to private California resident data by unauthorized parties. Identifying any such breaches requires the business to base its auditing requirements on effective privacy measures (Natan, p. 335). Auditing should include schema, stored procedures or activators, user freedoms, and other DDL changes. From protection, compliance, structure management, and procedural perspectives, these factors are vital collectively (Natan, p. 357). DDL instructions are most likely the most destructive instructions today and allow intruders to compromise any network with absolution from a security point of view. Numerous regulations made organizations and individual data users audit all changes to data configurations from a compliance point of view. Compliance requisites for schema modifications during auditing are frequently the same as the requisites characterized as under structural management and IP administration initiatives. As a result, an external party will be able to maliciously alter, utilize, and roll back schema to its original form. These functions can occur without the authorized user noticing, particularly when the entire process occurred within less than 24 hours (Natan, p. 358) . The DML audit trails discussed in Section 12.9 reveal how one can selectively determine the items and instructions that need auditing. This determination comes about through unsophisticated and rough calculations. More specifically, Ben Natan anticipates DML audit

Lab Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Lab - Essay Example A flow chart was used to distinguish between cations in the resultant solution. A flow chart refers to a diagrammatic presentation of a process sequence such as chemical reactions. A flow chart for four ions was drawn during the experiment to help identify the ions present in the solution. The aim of the experiment was to separate cations present in the solution by using different chemical reagents to form precipitates, which would then be used to identify every cation. Each group member was given an unknown number to analyze and establish the cations present in unnamed solution. Barium (Ba2+), Iron (III) (Fe3+), Mercury (I) (Hg2 2+) and Cadmium (Cd2+) were the cations present in the solution assigned to my group. I was assigned an unknown number identified as 2A. An observation chart for all reactions using all reagents was created to help identify the cations present in the solution. Further, a flow chart was sketched based on solubility rule. The flow chart was then utilized to distinguish and identify the four cations present in the given

SAM 342 UNIT 4 Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SAM 342 UNIT 4 - Annotated Bibliography Example Sir Alex Ferguson uses an amalgamation of task-oriented and transformational leadership. In his astute style, he has defined roles for his players and they are supposed to follow them. Ferguson’s famous tanning booths for increasing players Vitamin D level are one such example of his concern for players’ wellbeing and fitness. He has often mentioned his principles that govern his work ethics. According to him, player with lack of focus and commitment must not be tolerated on the field and even in the team. A simple example of this rule is a shoe thrown at David Beckham by him. However, it is the ability to own the mistakes of his team and praising them in public that has made his players loyal to him. Furthermore, he has always stood as an advocate of the owners of his club due to which he is perceived as the front person of his team. Sir Alex Ferguson is further known for his adherence to team work as for him no single player can rise above the organization and it is the team that makes the player. His devotion to this principle was well reflected when he said, â€Å"Sometimes we can get too emotional as a club with things that are happening. But were both of a common denominator - we dont want the club to be in anyone elses hands (Ferguson & Meek, 1997).† His determination of taking in fresh players, refining their skills by training them and making them learn the etiquettes of football world and especially Manchester United. This is precisely the reason why Manchester United’s players are seen to have an extraordinary humility in them. Sir Alex Ferguson is an ideal example of a transformational leader since he believes in grooming his players and bringing out the best in them on constant basis. He is often viewed as challenging the pre-established norms and going beyond the boundaries of professional horizon. In order to induce team work and individual excellence, he has often

'How can participatory approaches influence all aspects of young Essay

'How can participatory approaches influence all aspects of young children's rights' - Essay Example However, when dealing with children, it is crucial that their rights are respected especially since they are the weak members of society and are currently unable to fend for themselves. Hence, it is important that people or agencies that have children as a component of what they do must take note that children have rights too and are fully entitled to these rights. As mentioned, with everybody else, they have their rights from birth and must never be discriminated. Freeman (1996) further emphasizes this point stating that despite the importance and extreme value of these rights, these are automatically owned. People must not work for these rights, toil; beg much more bleed for these rights. As such, though incapable of working and are generally dependent, children must be accorded these rights. Human rights are very important. Hence, the United Nations (UN) has crafted its declaration ratified by different country members to ensure its protection. It is through this declaration that the UN protects the rights of individuals as they continually support efforts and provide recognition for this birth right of everyone (United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights, UN 2011). However, since children are still unable to care for themselves much more know and defend their rights, the United Nations (UN) have put forth the Convention for the Rights of the Child (CRC) to provide additional protection that will ensure that children’s rights are upheld. Additionally, the CRC calls for the participation of children so that these rights may be practiced. The CRC also recognizes that adults play a crucial role for the rights to be enjoyed by every child (Nurick and Johnson, 2001). Main Body Recognizing Rights Early On As mentioned, rights are not given to anybody in the course of their lifetime hence it is not something to be taken away. These rights are born with every individual. Thus, it is important that appreciation of these rights start early for children. It then makes the integration of children’s rights during early child development crucial for the formative development of children. During these times, programs are utilized to influence the circumstances surrounding children as they grow up. Of course the family is considered since it is the immediate environment of the child. Then, the community is likewise considered and of course the institutions that are necessary for the early development of the child such as the availability of health centers and schools and the quality of service these institutions provide. Moreover, policies are also considered since these will impact on the opportunities for development as well as the protection of children’s rights (Arnold 2001). Policies play a key role since these is where funding for early childhood development comes from. An example would be the funding of the federal government of British Colombia (BC) so that there will be budget allocation to care for the unborn through pregnancy support, birth and on infancy. The government also supports parenting and the family and makes provisions for the improvement of the community and for early childhood development as well as children’s education and care. The support will really play a big role especially if this is calibrated with the

India Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

India - Research Paper Example Another problem centres on Kashmir, the province with a Muslim majority where India’s neighbour Pakistan supports a separatist movement. So media labs coexist alongside continued outbursts of sectarian violence. This said (March 2002) Shashi Thahoor, 2Indian writer and social critic, ‘is one of the ironies of Indias muddled march into the 21st century.’ Despite all the latest positive developments Thahoor sees India as still ‘shackled to the dogmas of the past.’ According to Cohen (2001, page xiv) ‘New Dehli still finds it difficult to translate economic potential into political and strategic influence.’ In fact there are so many problems that it is feared that the much vaunted Indian tradition of plural development and secular government could be at risk.. Meanwhile, India, already a nuclear power, is pressing for a permanent seat on the U.N. Security Council. At a 2002 United Nations debate on the future of the Security Council,3 A. Gopinathan Indias deputy representative to the U.N, put forward a proposal that the number of countries permanently represented be expanded. The present set up was decided before India even had self government as a country, and reflects the world of the 1940’s rather than the present day situation. It was argued that the present format is both unrepresentative and anachronistic. as quoted by the Press Trust of India in March 2002, and should be revamped to better reflect the increasing importance of India and other emerging nations. India’s sectarian problems are of course nothing new. Although there is an Hindu majority, there are also a number of other religions represented including Muslims, Christians, Jains, Buddhists and Sikhs. Onwards from the year of modern India’s birth in 1947, when more than a million people died , violence has been a common part of Indian life. In February 2002, as reported by Celia Dugger, 458 travellers, including children, were

Essay question Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Question - Essay Example agricultural plantations (coffee, sugar, tobacco, cotton, and cocoa fields), in silver and gold mines, in the shipping and construction industries, and as house slaves. These Africans work without pay as indentured servants (euphemistically termed as apprentices for life). Certain kinds of work determine the gender of slaves sold and transported. For jobs in textile factories or in the home and large plantations (the Brazilian term for this is fazenda); for example, textile factories required more men than women slaves, while the fazenda needed more female slaves due to the large amount of spinning and weaving work; most fazendas were in northeastern parts of Brazil (van Voss et al. 96). Slaves in rural areas were treated much worse, tranforming them into beasts as conditions were very bad indeed it was considered as a living hell for slaves (Conrad 71). City slaves in Brazil were thrown into mass graves, without any individual identification. Africa became a wasteland as many men and women were forcibly taken from their families; this in turn led to a marked decline in African culture as people lost contact with their heritage and traditions. Additionally, whole tribes and societies were practically wiped out, especially those Africans living near th e coastal areas, although white traders penetrated to the interior also to capture additional black slaves. Most of the Founding Fathers acknowledged the inherent conflict between slavery and ideals of liberty and equality; however, they were also realistic in their views that America cannot survive without slave labor, especially in the large plantations of the South. It was a compromise they reached to preserve the integrity and independence of the new nation. A crucial provision for emancipation passed during the Continental Congress was abandoned and rejected to appease the Founding Fathers from the South who were slave owners. Manifest Destiny was an attempt by the American politicians to formulate a foreign

India Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

India - Research Paper Example Another problem centres on Kashmir, the province with a Muslim majority where India’s neighbour Pakistan supports a separatist movement. So media labs coexist alongside continued outbursts of sectarian violence. This said (March 2002) Shashi Thahoor, 2Indian writer and social critic, ‘is one of the ironies of Indias muddled march into the 21st century.’ Despite all the latest positive developments Thahoor sees India as still ‘shackled to the dogmas of the past.’ According to Cohen (2001, page xiv) ‘New Dehli still finds it difficult to translate economic potential into political and strategic influence.’ In fact there are so many problems that it is feared that the much vaunted Indian tradition of plural development and secular government could be at risk.. Meanwhile, India, already a nuclear power, is pressing for a permanent seat on the U.N. Security Council. At a 2002 United Nations debate on the future of the Security Council,3 A. Gopinathan Indias deputy representative to the U.N, put forward a proposal that the number of countries permanently represented be expanded. The present set up was decided before India even had self government as a country, and reflects the world of the 1940’s rather than the present day situation. It was argued that the present format is both unrepresentative and anachronistic. as quoted by the Press Trust of India in March 2002, and should be revamped to better reflect the increasing importance of India and other emerging nations. India’s sectarian problems are of course nothing new. Although there is an Hindu majority, there are also a number of other religions represented including Muslims, Christians, Jains, Buddhists and Sikhs. Onwards from the year of modern India’s birth in 1947, when more than a million people died , violence has been a common part of Indian life. In February 2002, as reported by Celia Dugger, 458 travellers, including children, were

The Mission - from Religious and Theological Perspective Essay

The Mission - from Religious and Theological Perspective - Essay Example Directed by Roland Joffe and written by Robert Bolt, the film won the Academy Award for Best cinematography. From the plot summary, it is obvious that film mainly focuses on the religion of Christianity. Throughout the film, various facets of Christianity are explored and that includes the role played by that religion during the colonization of territories by the European or Western colonial powers in early centuries, particularly the role played by the Christian missionaries in the ‘evolution’ of the native population. The film also focuses on the core Christian beliefs and teachings, and delves into how different sections of population interpret those beliefs and teachings. â€Å"If you are looking for a fascinating portrayal of historical Christian faith and missions during the centuries past, â€Å"The Mission† is it (though not a â€Å"Christian† production itself).† (Paul, n. d) In the film, the religion of Christianity plays a vital component. That is, The Mission features the series of struggles faced by Father Gabriel in his journey to preach Christianity to the indigenous people, gain their trust and evangelize them. During that journey, the concept of Christianity is clearly highlighted. â€Å"The film is set in the 1750s and involves the Jesuit Reductions, a program by which the European Catholic Church sought to Christianize and â€Å"civilize the indigenous native populations of South America.†(â€Å"The Mission – Summary†, n. d). The representation of Christianity in the film seems to be accurate, as it reflects the activities of the Christian missionaries and other groups to spread Christianity in many lands in the early centuries. That is, the movie mainly focuses on the group of Jesuit priests traveling to distant lands in an attempt to spread and reach the Word of God to the native population. In addition, in those early times, the Jesuit priests/missionaries use to live with the native population for many years, instead of having a temporary stay. In a way, they coexist with the local people, thereby understanding their culture, lifestyle, problems, etc. In the movie also, Father Gabriel along with Mendoza permanently live and carry out constructive work in the Guarani settlement. â€Å"This fact is consistent with historical missions created by Europeans in South America, where Jesuit priests would coexist with tribes such as the Guarani.† (Fritz, 2010). Hence, the representation of Christianity in the film can be considered accurate, and also as an effective means of revealing the holistic features of Christianity. In the film, the Jesuit priests’ attempts to evangelize the native South American population provide key perspectives about the expansion activities of Jesuit priests as well as the core values of Christianity. The key message delivered in the film is how the ‘education’ of the native people about the basic principles of Chr istianity can bring about certain constructive changes in their society. Thus, the film in a way conveys a positive message; as it makes the native people to understand and imbibe the vital components of Christianity namely love towards fellow men, compassion, peace, sacrifice, etc. Though the Guarani initially resist and oppose the preaching of the Father Gabriel, in the latter part of the film, they even go to the extent of dying for his cause. â€Å"This movie depicts the role of religion in the European

The Escape Essay Example for Free

The Escape Essay The text under consideration is the short story â€Å"The Escape† written by a famous English writer Somerset Maugham. The story deals with the author’s speculation of the question of marriages, especially the possibility of men to escape it. There is no exposition, therefore we can only guess by the contents where and when the settings set on. At the beginning of the text the author expresses his conviction that only an instant flight can save a man from a woman, if she made up her mind to marry him. Further on the author recollects a case when even such flight couldn’t save the poor man. The author passes on to another story of a man, whose name was Roger Charing, who managed to extricate himself in such circumstances. The author introduces to us a girl – Ruth Barlow –whom he fell in love with, draws special attention to her eyes and the impression they made on men. He also depicts the misery of the girl’s life, as everyone treated her very badly and nothing ever went right with her. Further on the author disclosed some information concerning Ruth’s character, mainly from the point of view of the narrator. The author touches upon Roger’s attitude to her, saying that he was very happy, for he committed a good action and at the same time did something he had very much a mind to. In the next passage the author suddenly changes the mood of the narration saying that Roger fell out of love. He points out Roger’s intentions not to let Ruth marry him by any means. But then the author dwells upon the difficulty of the situation he was in, because now he realized what sort of woman he had to deal with. After that the author describes the method that Roger used to get rid of Ruth: he said that until they found a perfect house they wouldn’t get married. The author points out that it took years for them to search for the suitable house, they visited thousands of them, but still couldn’t find anything. The author shows the change in Ruth’s mood as the years go by: she becomes more and more irritated, disappointed and even angry. The author describes the outcome of this story in two letters: one from Ruth, in which she tells that she found some other man who is willing to marry her. The other letter is the Roger’s reply, in which he pretends to be shocked and depressed by this news, and sends to her another list of houses that will suit her perfectly. Precis The short story â€Å"The Escape† by Somerset Maugham is a humorous and witty narration about Roger Charing who managed to escape from Ruth Barrow that had made up her mind to marry him. Being old enough and having much experience, Roger decided to use the search of a perfect house as an excuse not to marry her, until she understood that he didn’t love her and found another man to marry. Gist Roger Charing, a character of the story â€Å"The Escape† by Somerset Maugham, once fell in love with Ruth Barrow, but later his love disappeared and in order not to let her marry him, he made searches of a perfect house last endlessly, until she decided to leave him.

The Devil in Young Goodman Brown And Rappaccinis Daughter :: comparison compare contrast essays

The Devil in Young Goodman Brown And Rappacini's Daughter In Puritan Massachusetts the key word was suspicion. In order to be accepted, by the community, you had to be a member of the "elect," destined for a spot in the eternity of heaven. In order to be member of this elite group of "selected" individuals you had to be free of sin and evil. It goes without saying, that you could never be caught conjuring the devil, as is illustrated by the horrors of the infamous Salem witch trials. In Young Goodman Brown, and Rappacini's Daughter Nathaniel Hawthorne portrays two different ways of soliciting or being solicited by the devil. The final scenes in both of these stories although similar in nature, are actually conflicting in essence, and show the two adverse ways in which people and evil can become one. In Young Goodman Brown, the protagonist, Goodman Brown goes off on a typical search for the devil. The devil is associated with darkness and terror, a creature only to be sought after while enveloped in the darkness of the night. As Goodman Brown himself replies to Faith's longing for him to wait until morning to embark on his journey, "My journey needst be done twixt now and sunrise" (611). Goodman Brown knows exactly what he is going to look for, he is searching for evil. He goes to the forest to do his deed and "he had taken a dreary road darkened by all the gloomiest trees of the forest" to get there(611). Goodman Brown is willingly seeking the devil, and Hawthorne is throwing in all the stereotypes. This entire search for the devil is portrayed as being very ugly. What then is pretty? In Young Goodman Brown beauty equals inherent goodness, or Faith. Young Goodman Brown separates from this righteousness, for evil. From the beginning, he was leaving, at least for the time being, Faith behind. "And Faith, as the wife was aptly named, thrust her own pretty head into the street, letting the wind play with the soft ribbons of her cap" (610). The beauty of faith and her pink ribbons are left behind, his intentions are obvious. In Rappacini's Daughter Giovanni does none of this. He never went out searching

Mark Twain: Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: English Literature

Mark Twain: Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn There are many wonderful books written by great authors. However the writer who inspired me the most is the one and only Mark Twain. I was impressed by his books since I was a child. The two novels which I enjoyed were two of his most famous works, Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. These books are considered to be masterpieces by a lot of people. Samuel Clemens, better known by his pseudonym Mark Twain, was born in Florida, Missouri, in 1835. When Samuel Clemens was twelve years old, his father died. After his father’s death Clemens went to become a printer’s apprentice. His childhood dream was to become a steamboat salesman, and ride along the river down the stream. He had this goal achieved early in life until the Civil War came along putting him out of business. The Civil War forced Clemens out west in search of gold but ended up becoming a reporter for the Virginia City newspaper. While Twain was traveling the nation with his lectures he met his future wife Olivia. While trying to earn Olivia’s love, Twain wrote over two-hundred love letters, trying to earn her fathers respect and have permission to marry her. He then after this wrote his very first best seller which was called â€Å" Innocence Abroad†. Through many writers Twain was slowly becoming the United States first celebrity. He was selling his name, Twain became spokespersons for all different types of products, putting his face on to anything which companies thought would help sell there products. While Twain was away from the public life, he was able to create two very well known classics: Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. However at one point in time, Twain experience financial problems and had to declare bankruptcy. His next money making idea was to travel the world and make money by giving lectures. He became very famous from this. During this trip however his wife became very sick and died along with one of his daughters. When he returned home he was very lonely, and his life changed a lot. At the time Mark Twain was the most influential person in the country. This man who started out as a printers apprentice and a steamboat salesman was able to become the most well known person. Twain died in 1910 and still until now he is very respected and a well known writer. When I was a little girl I loved to read Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. I remember reading it at my grandmother’s garden

Modified Calendar Issue

Modifying a traditional school calendar essentially means that students attend school throughout the entire year with several mini-breaks rather than an extended summer break. There are both pros and cons involved in modifying the traditional school calendar. This essay will address the pros and provide rationale for selecting one calendar over another. Traditional School Calendar Growing up with a traditional school calendar, going to school from August until June and having the glorious three-month summer was something to look forward to as a child. According to Hsu’s article in the San Bernardino Sun, â€Å"Parents said a shorter summer would limit teens' chances to work and do internships, and that families would have to cancel planned vacations† (2007). Community involvement is essential for a child to nurture ownership of the community and feel a sense of belonging. The extended summer calendar worked in the past, traditionally, and it would seemingly work now, except that things have changed over the years and a modified school calendar meets some needs of a changing world. Things that were not evident in the past have become apparent and a modified school calendar creates opportunity to address some of those needs whereas a traditional calendar does not. Modified School Calendar Many parents struggle with an age-old problem of coordinating breaks and vacations with their children. Many times children have longer breaks from school than the parents do from work. Shorter breaks are more reasonable and true to life in the business world, preparing children for a coming future. Harold Vollkommer, an assistant superintendent said, â€Å"Longer spring and winter recesses would provide time for students who were behind in school to take short, intensive remedial courses† (2007). This type of opportunity also helps by preparing students for greater responsibilities. Additionally, children learn how to manage their time. Working in internships and volunteering for the community becomes a year-round thing rather than just a summer thing. Conclusion Having experienced both calendars, I am in favor of the modified calendar. Traditions are nice and should never be forgotten; but, as time changes and new advancements are discovered and made, so must we be willing to modify a traditional way of doing things to accommodate our growth and potential. References Hsu, C. (2007). Board rejects proposed school calendar changes. Retrieved January 24, 2007 from,

Chapter 12: Setting Product Strategy

Chapter 12: Setting Product Strategy GENERAL CONCEPT QUESTIONS Multiple Choice 1. Marketing planning begins with the formulation of an offering to ________ target customers’ needs or wants. a. undermine b. meet c. capture d. compete with e. comprehend Answer: bPage: 318Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Reflective Thinking 2. The customer will judge the offering by three basis elements: ________, services mix and quality, and price. a. performance b. salespeople c. price d. product features and quality e. none of the above Answer: dPage: 318Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Analytic Skills 3.The five product levels constitute a ________. At each level more customer value is added. a. customer-augmented product b. customer consumption system c. customer value-hierarchy d. customer-perceived value e. customer hierarchy Answer: cPage: 318Difficulty: Medium4. When companies search for new ways to satisfy customers and distinguish their offering from others, they look at the ________ product, which encompasses all the possible augmentations and transformations of the product. a. consumption system b. expected c. potential d. augmented e. basic Answer: cPage: 318Difficulty: HardAACSB: Analytic Skills5. The way the user performs the tasks of getting and using products and related services is the user’s total ________. a. consumption system b. consumable system c. consistent use system d. augmented system e. none of the above Answer: aPage: 319Difficulty: Medium6. Marketers have traditionally classified products on the basis of three characteristics: ________, tangibili ty, and use. a. customer value hierarchy b. expected c. augmented d. durability e. none of the above Answer: dPage: 319Difficulty: HardAACSB: Analytic Skills7. ________ are tangible goods that normally survive many uses. a. Nondurable goods . Durable goods c. Services d. Consumption systems e. Potential products Answer: bPage: 319Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills8. Because ________ are purchased frequently, marketers should make them available in many locations, charge only a small markup, and advertise heavily to induce trial and build preference. a. nondurable goods b. durable goods c. services d. consumption systems e. potential products Answer: aPage: 319Difficulty: Medium9. The consumer usually purchases ________ frequently, immediately, and with a minimum of effort. a. specialty goods b. shopping goods c. â€Å"must haves† goods . personal goods e. convenience goods Answer: ePage: 320Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills10. It was sunny when Jenny went to clas s, but by the time class was over it was raining heavily, so Jenny stopped by the student store to buy an umbrella before she walked back to her dorm. In this case, the umbrella is an example of a(n) ________. a. impulse good b. staple c. homogeneous shopping good d. emergency good e. heterogeneous shopping good Answer: dPage: 320Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills11. ________ are similar in quality but different enough in price to justify shopping comparisons. . Emergency goods b. Homogeneous shopping goods c. Heterogeneous shopping goods d. Specialty goods e. Impulse goods Answer: bPage: 320Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking12. Products such as insurance, cemetery plots, and smoke detectors are examples of ________ that are products that the consumer does not know about or does not normally think of buying. a. specialty goods b. unsought goods c. heterogeneous shopping goods d. homogeneous shopping goods e. none of the above Answer: bPage: 320Difficulty: HardAACSB: Reflective Thinking13.Industrial goods can be classified as ________, capital items, or suppliers and business services based on their costliness and how they enter the production process. a. service components b. subassemblies c. pieces and parts d. specialty goods e. materials and parts Answer: ePage: 320Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills14. ________ are the major factors influencing the selection of suppliers for natural products. a. Price and delivery reliability b. Product features and customization c. Price and customization d. Delivery reliability and product features e. Customization and delivery reliabilityAnswer: aPage: 321Difficulty: Medium15. Capital items are long-lasting goods that facilitate developing or managing the finished product. They include two groups: installations and ________. a. natural products b. component materials c. operating supplies d. equipment e. none of the above Answer: dPage: 321Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Reflective Thinking16. Supplies and b usiness services are short-term goods and services that facilitate ________ or managing the finished product. a. inspecting b. developing c. building d. creating e. none of the above Answer: bPage: 321Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Reflective Thinking17. Many products can be differentiated in terms of their ________,—size, shape, or physical structure. a. form b. performance quality c. conformance quality d. reliability e. design Answer: aPage: 321Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Analytic Skills18. Most products can be offered with varying ________ that supplement its basic function. a. reliability b. conformance qualities c. features d. forms e. none of the above Answer: cPage: 322Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Reflective Thinking19. ________ is the ability of a company to prepare on a mass basis individually designed products, services, programs, and communications. . Mass customization b. Feature fatigue c. Performance quality d. Conformance quality e. Repairability Answer: aPage: 322Difficulty: Me diumAACSB: Analytic Skills20. ________ is the level at which the product’s primary characteristics operate. a. Design b. Conformance quality c. Reparability d. Performance quality e. Durability Answer: dPage: 322Difficulty: Easy21. Buyers expect products to have a high ________, which is the degree to which all the produced units are identical and meet the promised specifications. a. durability b. reliability c. conformance quality d. form e. performance quality Answer: cPage: 323Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills22. ________ describes the product’s look and feel to the buyer; it has an advantage of creating distinctiveness that is difficult to copy. a. Design b. Style c. Durability d. Conformance e. None of the above Answer: bPage: 323Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Analytic Skills23. Ideal ________ would exist if users could fix the product themselves with little cost in money or time. a. durability b. reliability c. style d. design e. repairability Answer: ePage: 323Di fficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking24. In increasingly fast-paced markets, price and technology are not enough. _______ is the factor that will often give a company its competitive edge and is defined as the totality of features that affect how a product looks, feels, and functions in terms of customer requirements. a. Services b. Performance c. Reliability d. Style e. Design Answer: ePage: 325Difficulty: HardAACSB: Reflective Thinking25. When the physical product cannot be easily differentiated, the key to competitive success may lie in adding valued services and improving their quality. The main service differentiators are ordering ease, delivery, installation, ________, customer consulting, maintenance, and repair. . customer limiting b. customer orders c. niche marketing d. customer training e. customer marketing Answer: dPage: 326Difficulty: HardAACSB: Analytic Skills26. Delivery refers to how well the product or service is brought to the customer. It includes speed, ___ _____, and care throughout the delivery process. a. length of time for delivery b. type of delivery services c. attributes d. completeness e. accuracy Answer: ePage: 326Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Analytic Skills27. ________ refers to training the customer’s employees to use the vendor’s equipment properly and efficiently. a. Customer training . Internal marketing c. Client marketing d. Customer relationships e. Technical training Answer: aPage: 326Difficulty: Easy28. ________ refers to data, information systems, and advice services that the seller offers to their buyers. a. Sales force relationships b. Customer relationships c. Internal marketing d. Customer training e. Customer consulting Answer: ePage: 326Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Analytic Skills29. Differentiating on ________ is important for companies with complex products and becomes an especially good selling point when targeting technology novices. a. delivery b. ordering ease c. ase of installation d. customer consult ing e. repairability Answer: cPage: 326Difficulty: HardAACSB: Reflective Thinking30. ________ describes the service program for helping customers keep purchased products in good working order. a. Returns b. Ordering ease c. Installation d. Maintenance and repair e. Delivery Answer: dPage: 327Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking31. Improved handling or storage, better packaging, and improved transportation and forward logistics are methods for reducing ________. a. installation b. uncontrollable returns c. controllable returns d. product families e. ustomer consulting Answer: cPage: 328Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking32. A group of products within a product class that are closely related because they perform a similar function, are sold to the same customer groups, are marketed through the same outlets or channels, or fall within given price ranges is known as a ________. a. product type b. product class c. need family d. product variant e. product line Answer: eP age: 328Difficulty: Medium33. A(n) ________ is defined as a distinct unit within a brand or product line distinguishable by size, price, appearance, or some other attribute. . stockkeeping unit b. UPC (uniform product code) c. stock unit d. product type e. none of the above Answer: aPage: 328Difficulty: HardAACSB: Analytic Skills34. A ________ is the set of all products and items a particular seller offers for sale. a. product line b. product mix c. family of products d. product system e. product class Answer: bPage: 328Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Analytic Skills35. The ________ of the product mix refers to how closely related the various product lines are in end use, production requirements, distribution channels, or some other way. a. onsistency b. depth c. width d. length e. composition Answer: aPage: 329Difficulty: Hard36. The ________ of the product mix refers to the total number of items in the mix. a. width b. length c. depth d. consistency e. height Answer: bPage: 329Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills37. In offering a product line, companies normally develop a ________ and modules that can be added to meet different customer requirements. a. convenience item b. â€Å"best selling† item c. staple item d. product e. basic platform Answer: ePage: 329Difficulty: Medium AACSB: Reflective Thinking 8. The ________ of a product mix refers to how many variants are offered of each product in the line. a. width b. length c. depth d. consistency e. height Answer: cPage: 329Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills39. A company can classify its products into four types that yield different gross margins, depending upon sales volume and promotional costs. The four classifications include all EXCEPT ________. a. core product b. shopping goods c. staples d. specialties e. convenience items Answer: bPage: 330Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 40.The main point in segmenting products into different classes is that companies should recognize that these items ________ in the potential for being priced higher or advertised more as ways to increase sales, margins, or both. a. differ b. are more elastic c. are less elastic d. respond to advertising differently e. none of the above Answer: aPage: 330Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Reflective Thinking 41. A benefit of product mapping is that it identifies ________. a. market matrices b. target markets c. market segments d. consumers e. none of the above Answer: cPage: 330Difficulty: HardAACSB: Reflective Thinking 2. Product-line analysis provides information for two key decision areas—product-line length and ________. a. product-length new items b. product-mix pricing c. product pricing d. popular pricing e. none of the above Answer: bPage: 331Difficulty: Hard43. ________ occurs when a company lengthens its product line beyond its current range. a. Market reach b. Product reach c. Product adaptations d. Line shrinking e. Line stretching Answer: ePage: 331Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Analytic Skills 44. When a company positioned in the â€Å"middle† market introduces a lower-priced product line, this is an example of ________. . product-line length b. up-market stretch c. down-market stretch d. maintenance e. none of the above Answer: cPage: 331Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Analytic Skills 45. Moving ________ carries risks. The new brand can cannibalize core brand sales and lower the core brand’s quality image. a. up-market b. two ways c. one way d. down-market e. none of the above Answer: dPage: 333Difficulty: Medium 46. Companies may wish to implement a(n) ________ to achieve more growth, to realize higher margins, or simply to position themselves as full-line manufacturers. a. up-market stretch . down-market stretch c. service-market stretch d. consulting-model stretch e. obsolescence strategy Answer: aPage: 333Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking47. A product line can also be lengthened by adding more items within the present range. There are several motives for line filling: ________, trying to satisfy dealers who complain about lost sales because of missing items in the line, trying to utilize excess capacity, and others. a. responding to senior management wishes b. responding to consumer wishes c. reaching for incremental profits d. eaching for incremental capacity e. responding to sales-force demands Answer: cPage: 334Difficulty: Hard 48. If line filling is overdone, it could result in ________ and customer confusion. a. sales paralysis b. manufacturing inefficiencies c. self-cannibalization d. self-sacrifice e. none of the above Answer: cPage: 334Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Reflective Thinking 49. Price-setting logic must be modified when the product is part of a product mix. In that case, the firm searches for a set of prices that ________ profits on the total mix. a. are ineffective on total b. ave no effect on total c. maximize d. minimize e. capitalize upon Answer: cPage: 335Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Analytic Skills 50. Companies norma lly develop product lines rather than single products and require sellers to establish ________ quality differences between price steps within the line. a. imaginary b. actual c. perceived d. monetary e. none of the above Answer: cPage: 335Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking51. Some service firms often engage in ________, consisting of a fixed fee plus a variable usage fee. a. pure bundling b. pure pricing c. mixed pricing . captive pricing e. two-part pricing Answer: ePage: 336Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Analytic Skills 52. In ________, the seller offers goods both individually and in bundles and often charges less for the â€Å"bundle† than for the individual products. a. pirating pricing b. captive pricing c. two-part pricing d. pure bundling e. mixed bundling Answer: ePage: 336Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 53. The main advantage of co-branding is that a product may be convincingly positioned by virtue of the ________ involved. a. branding synergy b. increas ed advertising dollars c. ultiple brands d. bundled package e. none of the above Answer: cPage: 337Difficulty: HardAACSB: Reflective Thinking54. The potential disadvantages of ________ are the risks and lack of control from becoming aligned with another brand in the consumers mind. Consumer expectations about the level of involvement and commitment are likely to be high, so unsatisfactory performance could be very negative for the brands involved. a. co-branding b. primary service features c. values d. perceptions e. pricing Answer: aPage: 337Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking 55. _______ is a special case of co-branding involving creating brand equity for materials, components, or parts that are necessarily contained within other branded products. a. Component branding b. Ingredient branding c. Advertising branding d. Sales branding e. None of the above Answer: bPage: 337Difficulty: HardAACSB: Analytic Skills 56. We define packaging as all the activities of designing and producing the container for a product. This includes up to three levels of material: primary package, secondary package, and ________. a. retailer package b. design package c. shipping package d. consumer package e. one of the above Answer: cPage: 339Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills57. Various factors have contributed to the growing use of packaging as a marketing tool and include all of the following EXCEPT ________. a. self-service b. consumer affluence c. consumer influence d. company and brand images e. innovation opportunities Answer: cPage: 339Difficulty: HardAACSB: Reflective Thinking 58. ________ are formal statements of expected product performance by the manufacturer. a. Insurance b. Warranties c. Guarantees d. Reputation e. Marketing statements Answer: bPage: 341Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills9. Many sellers offer either general or specific guarantees. Guarantees reduce the buyer’s ________ risk. a. actual b. perceived c. real d. implied e. stated Answer: bPage: 342Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Reflective Thinking 60. Guarantees are most effective in two situations. The first is when the company or products are not well known and the second is when the product’s quality is ________ to competition. a. not known b. different c. inferior d. equivalent e. superior Answer: ePage: 342Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking True/False 61. Product is the key element in the market offering.Answer: TruePage: 317Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Reflective Thinking 62. A product is anything that can be offered to a market to satisfy a want or need. Answer: TruePage: 318Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking 63. In planning its market offering, the marketer needs to address five product levels, each of which reduces customer value. Answer: FalsePage: 318Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 64. The customer-value hierarchy consists of the basic product, core benefit, expected product, augmented product, and the consumption system. Ans wer: FalsePage: 318Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 65.Marketers have traditionally classified products on the basis of characteristics such as durability, tangibility, and use. Answer: TruePage: 319Difficulty: Medium 66. Durable products normally require more personal selling and service and more seller guarantees than nondurable goods. Answer: TruePages: 319–320Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking 67. Because they are intangible, durable goods normally require more quality control, supplier credibility, and adaptability than either services or nondurable goods. Answer: FalsePage: 320Difficulty: Medium 68. Carlos always buys bread and milk when he goes grocery shopping.In this case, bread and milk are examples o f impulse goods. Answer: FalsePage: 320Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 69. A Maserati sports car is considered a specialty good because interested buyers will travel far to buy one. Answer: TruePage: 320Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skill s 70. The homogeneity of natural materials limits the amount of demand-creation activity that producers undertake. Answer: TruePage: 321Difficulty: Medium 71. Capital items are long-lasting goods that facilitate developing or managing the finished products. Answer: TruePage: 321Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 72.Supplies can be classified as two kinds: maintenance and repair items and operating supplies. Answer: TruePage: 321Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 73. To be branded, physical products must be differentiated. Answer: TruePage: 321Difficulty: Easy 74. To avoid â€Å"feature fatigue,† companies must be careful to prioritize those features that are included and find unobtrusive ways to provide information about how consumers can use and benefit from the feature. Answer: TruePage: 322Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking 75. Firms should design the highest performance level possible for their products.Answer: FalsePage: 322Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking 76. As a selling point, durability commands a particularly high pricing premium, especially for products that are subject to rapid technological obsolescence, as are personal computers and video cameras. Answer: FalsePage: 323Difficulty: HardAACSB: Reflective Thinking 77. Design can shift consumer perceptions to make brand experiences more rewarding. Answer: TruePage: 325Difficulty: Medium 78. If the physical product cannot be easily differentiated, the key to competitive advantage lies in the pricing of the related â€Å"services† provided by the manufacturer.Answer: FalsePage: 326Difficulty: HardAACSB: Reflective Thinking 79. Customer training and customer consulting are two areas for service differentiation that manufacturers can use with their products. Answer: TruePage: 326Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 80. The cost of processing a return can be significantly greater than that of an outbound shipment. Answer: TruePage: 327Difficulty: HardAAC SB: Analytic Skills 81. The product hierarchy stretches from basic needs to particular items that satisfy those needs. Answer: TruePage: 328Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking 82.A product system is a group of diverse but related items that function in a compatible manner and includes the product mix and product assortment. Answer: FalsePage: 328Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 83. The four product-mix dimensions (length, width, depth, consistency) permit the company to expand its business. Answer: TruePage: 329Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 84. Factors that influence product-line length do NOT include company objectives or management aspirations. Answer: FalsePage: 331Difficulty: HardAACSB: Reflective Thinking 85.Every company’s product line covers a certain part of the total possible range of products and consumer levels. Answer: TruePage: 331Difficulty: Hard 86. Companies in the â€Å"middle market† should never attempt to stretch their li ne in both directions. Answer: FalsePage: 333Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking 87. Line filling, if overdone, may result in self-cannibalization and increased customer loyalty. Answer: FalsePage: 334Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 88. In the rapidly changing market of today’s world, product lines must be continuously updated or modernized.Answer: TruePage: 334Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking 89. Price-setting logic must be modified when the product is part of a product mix. Answer: TruePage: 335Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Reflective Thinking 90. Companies normally develop product lines rather than a single product and introduce price steps such as a â€Å"low-,† â€Å"average-,† and â€Å"high-† priced computer system. Answer: TruePage: 335Difficulty: Medium 91. Manufacturers of systems such as razors and ink jet printers use a system of pricing called â€Å"two-part pricing†Ã¢â‚¬â€one price for the disposable products a nd another for the â€Å"hardware. † Answer: FalsePage: 336Difficulty: Hard 2. A pricing system in which there is a â€Å"fixed† fee and then a variable â€Å"usage† fee is called bundling. Answer: FalsePage: 336Difficulty: HardAACSB: Analytic Skills 93. Pure bundling occurs when a firm offers goods both individually and in bundles. Answer: FalsePage: 336Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 94. Co-branding is when two or more well-known existing brands are combined into a joint product and/or marketed together in some fashion. Answer: TruePage: 337Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 95. Ingredient branding can take on a form called â€Å"self-branding† in which the company advertises its own branded ingredients.Answer: TruePage: 338Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 96. Packaging is all the activities of designing and producing the container for a product. Answer: TruePage: 339Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Analytic Skills 97. Labels can identify t he product and must contain legal statements that under various Federal laws cannot be misleading, false, or deceptive. Answer: TruePage: 341Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking 98. Warranties are formal statements of expected product performance by the manufacturer. Answer: TruePage: 341Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Analytic Skills 99.A guarantee’s greatest contribution to a product’s success is that it decreases the buyer’s perceived risk in the purchase of the product. Answer: TruePage: 342Difficulty: HardAACSB: Reflective Thinking 100. Guarantees are most effective when the product is well known and/or similar in performance to other brands in the market. Answer: FalsePage: 342Difficulty: HardAACSB: Reflective Thinking Essay 101. In planning its market offering, the marketer must address the five product levels of the customer-value hierarchy. Describe the â€Å"customer-value hierarchy† and identify the five levels of product contained ithin.Suggest ed Answer: Each layer adds more customer value, and the five levels are: (1) the core benefit—the service or benefit the customer is really buying; (2) the basic product—the actual product that provides the core benefit; (3) expected product—a set of attributes and conditions buyers normally expect when they purchase the product; (4) the augmented product—the marketer exceeds customer expectations; and (5) the potential product—which encompasses all the possible augmentations and transformations the product or offering might undergo in the future.These five elements constitute the buyers’ consumption system. Page: 318Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Analytic Skills 102. The vast array of products that consumers buy can be classified on the basis of shopping habits and are broken down into four main areas. List these four main classifications of consumer goods and explain what elements are included within.Suggested Answer: The four main areas are: (1) Convenience goods are bought frequently, immediately, and with a minimum of effort; (2) shopping goods are goods that the consumer characteristically compares on such bases as suitability, quality, price, and style; (3) specialty goods have unique characteristics or brand identification for which a sufficient number of buyers are willing to make a special purchasing effort; and (4) unsought goods are those goods that the consumer does not know about or does not normally think of buying.Page: 320Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 103. Industrial goods can be classified in terms of how they enter the production process and their relative costliness. Identify the three groups of industrial goods. Suggested Answer: The three groups of industrial goods include: (1) Materials and parts are goods that enter the manufacturer’s product completely. Raw materials (farm and natural products) and manufactured aterials and parts (component materials and component parts) compose this group; (2) Capital items are long-lasting goods that facilitate developing or managing the finished product, such as machinery (installations and equipment); and (3) Supplies and business services are short-term goods and services that facilitate developing or managing the finished product; maintenance and repair and operating supplies are included here. Business supplies include advisory services and other â€Å"services† necessary for the ongoing operation of the business.Pages: 320–321Difficulty: Hard 104. When differentiated, products can then be branded. List the possible ways that physical products can be differentiated. Suggested Answer: Products can be differentiated according to form, features, customization, performance quality, conformance quality, durability, reliability, reparability, and style. Pages: 321–323Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Reflective Thinking 105. When a physical product cannot easily be differentiated, the key to competitive success may li e in adding valued services and improving quality.Identify and discuss the six main service differentiators. Suggested Answer: The six main service differentiators are (1) ordering ease, (2) delivery, (3) installation, (4) customer training, (5) customer consulting, and (6) maintenance and repair. Pages: 326–327Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 106. Explain the concepts of product-line width, length, depth, and consistency. Suggested Answer: The width of a product mix refers to how many different product lines the company carries.The length of a product mix refers to the total number of items in the mix. The depth of a product mix refers to how many variants are offered of each product in the line and is determined by dividing the total number of items by the number of lines. The consistency of the product mix refers to how closely related the various product lines are in end use, production requirements, distribution channels, or some other way. Page: 329Difficulty: H ardAACSB: Analytic Skills 107. Explain the concept of line stretching and the three uses for it.Suggested Answer: Line stretching occurs when a company lengthens its product line beyond its current range. It includes down-market stretch (introduce a lower-priced line), up-market stretch (introduce an upscale line), or two-way stretch (introduce both an upscale line and a down-scale line). Pages: 331–333Difficulty: HardAACSB: Analytic Skills 108. Product-mix pricing can involve a number of pricing strategies for the brand manager. List each of these strategies and briefly define each.Suggested Answer: There are six situations involving product-mix pricing: (1) product-line pricing—low-, medium-, and high-priced products within the same line, such as different priced ties; (2) optional-feature pricing —charging for â€Å"extra† features, such as leather seats in a car; (3) captive-product pricing—when the â€Å"user† has no choice but to use t he high-priced â€Å"disposable† products that make the entire product work (for example, ink cartridges for printers); (4) two-part pricing—consisting of a fixed fee and a variable usage fee (cell phone usage); (5) by-product pricing—the price of the by-products of goods being used for other purposes (oil refining for example); and (6) product-bundling pricing—pure bundling when the firm offers its products only as a bundle, or mixed bundling when the firm offers its products as a â€Å"bundle† and/or individually. Pages: 335–337Difficulty: Hard 109. Various factors have contributed to the increased importance of packaging as a marketing tool. List and briefly describe these events.Suggested Answer: Self-service—an increasing number of products are being sold without any personal interaction, on a self-service basis. Consumer affluence —rising consumer affluence means consumers are willing to pay a little more for convenience, appearance, dependability, and prestige of better packages. Company and brand image—packages contribute to instant recognition of the company or brand. Innovation opportunity—innovative packaging can bring large benefits to consumers and profits to producers. Page: 339Difficulty: HardAACSB: Reflective Thinking 110. Sellers must label their products. Labels serve many purposes beyond just â€Å"naming† the product.List the additional services provided by a product’s label. Suggested Answer: A label identifies the product; a label might also grade the product; a label might describe the product; and the label might promote the product. A label may contain information required by law. Page: 340Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking APPLICATION QUESTIONS Multiple Choice 111. Marketers must see themselves as benefit providers. For example, when a shopper purchases new shoes, he/she expects the shoes to cover his/her feet and allow them to walk unobstruc ted. This is an example of what level in the consumer-value hierarchy? a. Pure tangible good b. Basic product c. Augmented product d. Potential product e.Consumption system Answer: bPage: 318Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Analytic Skills 112. How a consumer shops for organic foods and how they use and dispose of the product is part of the consumers’ _________ that is important for marketers to consider. a. basic product system. b. customer value system c. potential system d. consumption system e. none of the above Answer: dPage: 319Difficulty: Medium 113. The sellers of ________ goods carry a wide assortment to satisfy individual tastes and must have well-trained salespeople to inform and advise customers. Examples include automobile dealers, furniture stores, and insurance services. a. unsought shopping goods . specialty shopping goods c. homogeneous shopping goods d. heterogeneous shopping goods e. none of the above Answer: dPage: 320Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills114. ___ _____ are major purchases and are usually bought directly from the producer with the typical sale preceded by long negotiation periods. a. Raw materials b. Materials and parts c. Business services d. Capital goods e. Installations Answer: ePage: 321Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 115. Most products are established at one of four performance levels: low, average, high, or superior. For example, mountain bikes come in a variety of sizes and physical attributes.When a consumer purchases a mountain bike costing $1,000, she/he expects the bike to perform to specifications and to have a high _________ meeting the promised specifications. a. features b. durability c. conformance quality d. performance quality e. reliability Answer: dPage: 322Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking 116. If the Porsche 911 is designed to accelerate to 60 miles per hour within 10 seconds, and every Porsche 911 coming off the assembly line does this, the model is said to have high ________. a. re liability b. conformance quality c. durability d. repairability e. style Answer: bPage: 323Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 117.Realizing that although household products is a huge category, taking up an entire supermarket aisle or more, it is an incredibly boring one, the founders of Method Products designed a sleek, uncluttered dish soap container that also carried functional advantages. Method is competing in the crowded market for household products on the basis of superior ________. a. design b. durability c. conformance d. reliability e. performance quality Answer: aPage: 325Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking 118. When Baxter Medical supplied their hospitals with computer terminals directly linked to Baxter’s ordering system, this was an example of a company differentiating itself versus competition in terms of ________. a. customer relationships b. customer training c. installation d. delivery ease e. ordering ease Answer: ePage: 326Difficulty: HardAA CSB: Reflective Thinking 119.Using the ________ level of the product hierarchy to market its soups, Campbell Soups feature the company name first, then the soup variety on their packaging. a. item b. product-type c. need-family d. product-family e. product-line Answer: ePage: 328Difficulty: Hard 120. A consumer products firm manufacturers and sells over 200 different sizes and varieties of jams and jellies. We can say that this manufacturer’s product mix has high ________. a. consistency b. depth c. height d. product assortment e. width Answer: bPage: 329Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking 121. Happy Home Products produces detergents, toothpaste, bar soap, disposable diapers, and paper products. This company has a product ________ of five lines. a. depth b. ength c. consistency d. height e. width Answer: ePage: 329Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 122. When Jack bought his new laptop, he also bought a laptop bag and a spare power cord through the same retailer . These items are considered to be ________. a. core products b. staples c. convenience items d. specialties e. emergency items Answer: cPage: 330Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 123. A manufacturer of hiking boots looks at data that indicate that their subsegment of the market called â€Å"serious hiker† is declining and is predicted to decline into the future. The firm decides to enter the â€Å"low-price† segment with its new items.This is an example of a firm’s ________ to reach a new market. a. down-market stretch b. up-market stretch c. two-way stretch d. marketing research e. capitalizing Answer: aPage: 331Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking 124. Marriott Corporation now contains hotels and motels from the â€Å"budget† end of the consumer spectrum to the â€Å"premium† end with their JD Marriott flagship locations. This is an example of a firm that successfully performed a ________ to reach more consumers and ventures that are more profitable. a. marketing diversification b. two-way stretch c. up-market stretch d. down-market stretch e. cross-stretch Answer: bPage: 333Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 125.When shopping for tires for your automobile, you notice that the manufacturer you have selected has tires for your car priced low, average, and high, based upon performance and features. This is an example of what type of product-mix pricing? a. Captive-price pricing b. Product-line pricing c. By-product pricing d. Two-part pricing e. Optional-feature pricing Answer: bPage: 335Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking 126. Purchasers of theatre tickets receive a 20% discount if they purchase and pay for the full season at one time. This is an example of what type of product-mix pricing? a. Mixed bundling b. Pure bundling c. Cross-promotion d. Captive pricing e. None of the above Answer: aPage: 336Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 127.McDonald’s restaurants inside Super Wal-Mar ts and Starbucks inside Super Targets are examples of ________, whose main advantages are that the products can or may be convincingly positioned by virtue of the associated brands. a. cooperative marketing b. co-branding c. retail co-branding d. ingredient branding e. none of the above Answer: cPage: 337Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking 128. Betty Crocker cake mixes using Hershey syrup in its cake mixes and â€Å"Lunchables† lunch combinations with Taco Bell tacos are examples of what special type of branding? a. Mixed branding b. Ingredient co-branding c. Co-branding d. Self-branding e. None of the above Answer: bPages: 337–338Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 129.Sales of luxury goods such as perfumes, colognes, and aftershaves depend heavily upon their initial response by the consumer. A well-designed package can create convenience and promotional value. It has been called the â€Å"silent salesman. † Which of the three levels of packaging is this â€Å"silent salesman†? a. Retailer b. Consumer c. Shipping d. Secondary e. Primary Answer: ePage: 339Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking 130. A new product is advertised on the â€Å"infomercials† as being â€Å"the best cleaner money can buy† and â€Å"if not completely satisfied, return the product for a full refund, including shipping. † The strategy of using a strong guarantee in this instance is sound because ________. a. t is an example of a misleading or false advertising and is illegal b. the product is so superior to competition that there will be no claims for refunds c. it is just â€Å"advertising fluff† and the manufacturer has no intentions of refunding money d. for a product that is not too well known, it is â€Å"good advertising† because the claims will be a small percentage of sales e. for a product that is not too well known it reduces the buyer’s risk in purchasing Answer: ePage: 342Difficulty: Me diumAACSB: Reflective Thinking Short Answer 131. A manufacturer is contemplating introducing a product that is inferior to its competition in its performance, design, and functionality.However, the manufacturer believes that â€Å"good brand marketing† can overcome these shortfalls. Why is this thinking incorrect? Suggested Answer: At the heart of a great brand is a great product, the product is a key element in the market offering. Customers will judge the product (offering) on three basic elements: product features and quality; services mix and quality, and price. Not having a competitive product cannot be overcome by marketing. Pages: 317–318Difficulty: HardAACSB: Reflective Thinking 132. Studying how consumers shop, how they use a particular product or service, and how they dispose of the product when consumed is important for marketers. This information forms the basis of product strategy.First, define the consumption system and second, identify the two upcoming p roduct strategies that are affected by this knowledge. Suggested Answer: This is called the user’s total consumption system, defined as the way the user performs the tasks of getting and using products and related services. This is important because it will contain information useful in the product-augmentation strategy and the potential product strategy. Page: 319Difficulty: Hard 133. You know that marketers have traditionally classified products based on characteristics of durability, tangibility, and use. You also know that each product type has an appropriate marketing-mix strategy attached.In analyzing your company’s products, you decide to list each of these products and the appropriate marketing-mix strategy to understand where your products â€Å"fit. † List these products and their appropriate marketing-mix strategies. Suggested Answer: (1) Nondurable goods—the appropriate strategy is to make them available in many locations, charge only a small markup, and advertise heavily to induce trial and build preference. (2) Durable goods—tangible goods that normally survive many uses. Durable products normally require more personal selling and service, command a higher margin, and require more seller guarantees. (3) Services—intangible, inseparable, variable, and perishable products. They require more quality control, supplier credibility, and adaptability.Pages: 319–320Difficulty: HardAACSB: Reflective Thinking 134. Convenience goods, products purchased without much thought, can be classified as impulse goods and emergency goods, and this constitutes one of the four classifications of goods based on shopping habits. The purchase of a Mercedes automobile, life insurance, homogeneous shopping goods, and heterogeneous shopping goods are examples of the other classifications. Identify these â€Å"goods† classifications or segments. Suggested Answer: The vast array of goods purchased by consumers can be clas sified as convenience goods, shopping goods (homogeneous and heterogeneous), specialty goods, and unsought goods. Page: 320Difficulty: Easy 135.Industrial-goods classifications based on terms of how the products enter the production process and their relative costs include such segments as materials and parts and capital items. Window cleaning services, consumable office supplies, personal computers, desks, paint, nails, and buckets are included in the classifications of industrial goods. List the other â€Å"classifications† including subclassifications for industrial goods. Suggested Answer: Industrial-goods classifications include material and parts, farm products, natural products, manufactured materials and parts, and component parts. Capital goods include installations and equipment.Supplies and business services include maintenance and repair items, operating supplies, and business advisory services. Pages: 320–321Difficulty: HardAACSB: Analytic Skills 136. In y our position as a marketing manager for a small industrial company, you have been asked by the president to help differentiate the company’s product from its competitors. In reviewing your marketing management notes, you note that the text stated that physical products could be differentiated in nine ways. These nine areas comprise the â€Å"meat† of the memo you are writing to the president of your firm. What are the nine ways that physical products can be differentiated?Suggested Answer: The nine ways that physical products can be differentiated are form, features, customization, performance quality, conformance quality, durability, reliability, reparability, and style. Pages: 321–323Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 137. You know that your small firm cannot compete with the â€Å"big boys† in terms of price and promotion. Instead, you have decided to â€Å"outdesign† them. What is necessary for this strategy of â€Å"outdesigning themâ⠂¬  to succeed? Suggested Answer: Design offers a potent way to differentiate and position a company’s products and services. Design is the factor that will often give a company its competitive edge. Design is the totality of features that affect how a product looks and functions in terms of customer requirements.The designer must figure out how much to invest in form, feature development, performance, conformance, durability, reliability, reparability, and style. To the company, a well-designed product is one that is easy to manufacture and distribute. To the consumer, a well-designed product is one that is pleasant to look at and easy to open, install, use, repair, and dispose of. Page: 325Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking 138. As the marketing manager for a product often referred to as a â€Å"commodity,† you know that incremental sales and profits lies not in physical differentiation but in â€Å"service† differentiation. As you compose a memo to your boss regarding the concept of â€Å"service† differentiation, you note the six areas where service differentiation can make a difference.List these six areas for service differentiation. Suggested Answer: The main service differentiators are: ordering ease, delivery, installation, customer training, customer consulting, and maintenance and repair. Pages: 326–327Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Analytic Skills 139. You have been asked to create a product system for your company’s personal digital assistant. Before starting, you must define the term â€Å"product system† to the engineers to enable them to start design and production of the aligned items. Define the concept of a â€Å"product system. † Suggested Answer: A product system is a group of diverse but related items that function in a compatible manner. Page: 328Difficulty: Easy 140.You have been asked to prepare a product-line analysis for your company’s stable of products. Why is it imp ortant for product-line mangers to do a product-line analysis? Suggested Answer: Product-line managers need to know the sales and profits of each item in their line in order to determine which items to build, maintain, harvest, or divest. They also need to understand each product line’s market profile. Page: 329Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 141. How do the four product-mix dimensions (width, length, depth, and consistency) affect a firm’s product and corporate strategies? Suggested Answer: These four product-mix dimensions permit the company to expand its business in four different ways.First, it can add new product lines, thus widening its product mix. Second, it can lengthen each product line. It can add more product variants to each product line and deepen its product mix. Finally, a company can pursue more product-line consistency. Page: 329Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Reflective Thinking 142. As the newest member of the marketing department, your immediate boss asks you to comment on the company’s proposal to add two new shoes to the company’s middle-of-the-road pricing and product-line strategies. The first pair will retail for $ 40. 00 and has as its target market the â€Å"bargain† shopper. The second pair will retail for $ 200. 00 and is targeted at the â€Å"sophisticated shopper. In relation to product-line strategy, what is the company trying to accomplish with these two new items? Suggested Answer: This is an example of the company trying a â€Å"two-way stretch†Ã¢â‚¬â€introducing products at both ends of the consumer market simultaneously. Page: 333Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills143. During a meeting, you were asked by the vice-president of marketing, to comment on the company’s pricing strategy for its products. Recalling your marketing management course in college, your comments define the six situations involving product-mix pricing. List these six product-mix pricing strategie s. Suggested Answer: Product-mix pricing includes product-line pricing, ptional-feature pricing, captive-product pricing, two-part pricing, by-product pricing, and product-bundling pricing. Pages: 335–336Difficulty: Medium 144. Your firm is contemplating a bundling strategy for its line of products. In a memo to your boss, you outline the three guidelines for correctly implementing a building strategy. Suggested Answer: Do not promote individual products in a package as frequently and cheaply as the bundle. Second, limit promotions to a single item in the mix if you still want to promote individual products. Third, if you decide to offer large rebates on individual products, it must be the absolute exception and done with discretion. Page: 337Difficulty: HardAACSB: Analytic Skills 145.As the marketing manager for your firm, you have been approached by your key component manufacturer suggesting that your two firms â€Å"ingredient brand† a new item. What are some of the requirements for succeeding in ingredient branding? Suggested Answer: First, the consumer must perceive that the ingredient matters to the performance and success of the product. Secondly, consumers must be convinced that not all ingredient brands are the same and that the ingredient is superior. Third, a distinctive symbol or logo must clearly signal to consumers that the host product contains the ingredient. Fourth, a coordinated â€Å"pull† and â€Å"push† program must help consumers understand the importance and advantages of the branded ingredient.Page: 339Difficulty: HardAACSB: Reflective Thinking 146. Your research shows that over 53% of all purchases are made on impulse. As you sit down with your packaging design team, you tell them that the package must communicate many of the sales tasks. List the sales tasks that packaging must now incorporate due to the increase in self-service sales. Suggested Answer: These tasks are: attract attention, describe the produ ct’s features, create consumer confidence, and make a favorable overall impression. Page: 339Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills 147. In discussions with the packaging design team, you note that they do not have a firm design objective for the final package.In an internal memo to your boss, you outline the objectives (both company and consumer orientated) that you wish to see implemented by the design team. List these objectives. Suggested Answer: The objectives of packaging are to identify of the brand; convey descriptive and persuasive information; facilitate product transportation and protection; assist at-home storage; and aid product consumption. Pages: 339–340Difficulty: HardAACSB: Analytic Skills 148. In discussions with the packaging design team, it seems that they are unclear as to what should be included on the final product (consumer package) packaging. You list these objectives in a memo. List these objectives here. Suggested Answer: Labels must first identify the product or brand; the label might also grade the product.The label should describe the product and promote the product; and finally the label must contain all required government information. Pages: 340–341Difficulty: Medium 149. Your service firm is contemplating adding a â€Å"guarantee† component. Members of senior management are unclear as to the marketing advantages of a guarantee. How would you convince members of senior management that a guarantee can provide a marketing advantage? Suggested Answer: Guarantees reduce the buyer’s perceived risk. They suggest that the service/product is of high quality and that the company and its service performance are dependable. Page: 342Difficulty: EasyAACSB: Reflective Thinking 150. As you contemplate the introduction of your company’s newest services, ou think that the offering of a service guarantee would be a â€Å"marketing coup† and completely surprise your competition. You remember tha t your marketing management text stated that guarantees are most effective in two situations. What are these two situations? Suggested Answer: Guarantees are most effective when either the company or the product is not well known, so a â€Å"money-back† guarantee in that case would reduce the buyer’s perceived risk and provide them with confidence in purchasing the product. The second area is when the product/service is superior to competition in quality and performance. Page: 342Difficulty: MediumAACSB: Analytic Skills